Heat stress - Cities and FUAs — Mean population exposure to heat in Livorno
Livorno: Heat stress - Cities and FUAs — Mean population exposure to heat was 37.22 Days per year in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Heat stress - Cities and FUAs — Mean population exposure to heat in Livorno, 1981–2025
Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Measured in Days per year.
Analysis
In 2025, heat stress - cities and fuas — mean population exposure to heat in Livorno stood at 37.22 Days per year.
That represents a change of down 27.7% on the previous year and down 4.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, heat stress - cities and fuas — mean population exposure to heat in Livorno peaked at 51.48 Days per year in 2024 and was at its lowest, 1.5 Days per year, in 1984.
Livorno ranks 632nd of 1315 regions on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Heat stress - Cities and FUAs — Mean population exposure to heat in Livorno, year by year
| Year | Days per year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 5.77 Days per year | — |
| 1982 | 11.07 Days per year | +92.0% |
| 1983 | 13.4 Days per year | +21.0% |
| 1984 | 1.5 Days per year | -88.8% |
| 1985 | 10.36 Days per year | +592.1% |
| 1986 | 14.64 Days per year | +41.3% |
| 1987 | 9.02 Days per year | -38.4% |
| 1988 | 14.21 Days per year | +57.6% |
| 1989 | 17.4 Days per year | +22.5% |
| 1990 | 6.51 Days per year | -62.6% |
| 1991 | 19.72 Days per year | +202.8% |
| 1992 | 22.65 Days per year | +14.8% |
| 1993 | 12.08 Days per year | -46.7% |
| 1994 | 26.43 Days per year | +118.8% |
| 1995 | 17.72 Days per year | -32.9% |
| 1996 | 3.71 Days per year | -79.1% |
| 1997 | 12.29 Days per year | +231.6% |
| 1998 | 15.49 Days per year | +26.1% |
| 1999 | 6.38 Days per year | -58.8% |
| 2000 | 8.59 Days per year | +34.8% |
| 2001 | 17.67 Days per year | +105.7% |
| 2002 | 5.6 Days per year | -68.3% |
| 2003 | 40.7 Days per year | +626.2% |
| 2004 | 7.6 Days per year | -81.3% |
| 2005 | 15.55 Days per year | +104.7% |
| 2006 | 21.09 Days per year | +35.6% |
| 2007 | 6.29 Days per year | -70.2% |
| 2008 | 20.32 Days per year | +223.0% |
| 2009 | 28.05 Days per year | +38.1% |
| 2010 | 16.87 Days per year | -39.8% |
| 2011 | 14.99 Days per year | -11.2% |
| 2012 | 18.46 Days per year | +23.2% |
| 2013 | 22.82 Days per year | +23.6% |
| 2014 | 5.33 Days per year | -76.7% |
| 2015 | 38.96 Days per year | +631.2% |
| 2016 | 18.8 Days per year | -51.7% |
| 2017 | 25.94 Days per year | +38.0% |
| 2018 | 32.56 Days per year | +25.5% |
| 2019 | 46.58 Days per year | +43.1% |
| 2020 | 22.55 Days per year | -51.6% |
| 2021 | 18.16 Days per year | -19.5% |
| 2022 | 50.15 Days per year | +176.1% |
| 2023 | 34.22 Days per year | -31.8% |
| 2024 | 51.48 Days per year | +50.4% |
| 2025 | 37.22 Days per year | -27.7% |
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Heat stress - Cities and FUAs — Mean population exposure to heat in Livorno changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | +626.2% | 5.6 Days per year | 40.7 Days per year |
| 2015 | +631.2% | 5.33 Days per year | 38.96 Days per year |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | 10.82 Days per year | 1.5 Days per year | 17.4 Days per year | 9 |
| 1990s | 14.3 Days per year | 3.71 Days per year | 26.43 Days per year | 10 |
| 2000s | 17.15 Days per year | 5.6 Days per year | 40.7 Days per year | 10 |
| 2010s | 24.13 Days per year | 5.33 Days per year | 46.58 Days per year | 10 |
| 2020s | 35.63 Days per year | 18.16 Days per year | 51.48 Days per year | 6 |
More population data for Livorno
- Demographic balances and indicators by type of projection and NUTS 3 -0.2257 % change on previous year (2100)
- Demographic balances and indicators by type of projection and NUTS 3 3,536 (2100)
- Assumptions for fertility rates by age, type of projection and NUTS 3 1.62 Number (2100)
- Population by age and sex - Cities and FUAs 153,418 Persons (2024)
- Population by citizenship - Cities and FUAs 8.4 Percentage of population (2025)
- Population and built-up density - Cities and FUAs — Urbanised area 11 Square kilometres (2030)
- Live births (total) by NUTS 3 region 1,712 Number (2024)
- Population density by NUTS 3 region 270.8 Persons per square kilometre (2024)
- Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and NUTS 3 region 325,749 Number (2025)
- Population change - Demographic balance and crude rates at regional 1,976 (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is heat stress - cities and fuas — mean population exposure to heat in Livorno?
- Heat stress - cities and fuas — mean population exposure to heat in Livorno was 37.22 Days per year in 2025, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- What is the highest heat stress - cities and fuas — mean population exposure to heat recorded in Livorno?
- The highest recorded value was 51.48 Days per year in 2024.
- What is the lowest heat stress - cities and fuas — mean population exposure to heat recorded in Livorno?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.5 Days per year in 1984.
- How does Livorno rank for heat stress - cities and fuas — mean population exposure to heat?
- Livorno ranks 632nd out of 1315 regions with data for 2025.
- Is heat stress - cities and fuas — mean population exposure to heat rising or falling in Livorno?
- Over the last ten years it is down 4.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Livorno data come from?
- The figures come from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as part of Heat stress - Cities and FUAs — Mean population exposure to heat stress. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 45 observations, free to reuse under OECD Terms and Conditions (attribution required).
About this data
This dataset provides an indicator of population exposure to heat stress. Data sources and methodology The indicator uses the Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI). The UTCI enables to assess the impact of atmospheric conditions on the human body by considering air temperature, wind, radiation and humidity. UTCI values from 32°C to 38°C are considered as strong heat stress, from 38°C to 46°C as very strong heat stress, and above 46°C as extreme heat stress. Population exposure to heat stress was computed using the hourly thermal comfort indices grids from the Copernicus Climate Data Store (Di Napoli C. et al.). For each 0.25° by 0.25° grid cell, the number of days for which the maximum UTCI value is above each heat stress threshold (32°C, 38°C and 46°C) is computed. FUA and city level indicators correspond to the population-weighted average number of days above each heat stress threshold, obtained by intersecting the computed grid with the Global Human Settlement Population layer (European Commission, GHSL Data Package 2023). These estimates may differ from official subnational climate statistics due to differences in methodological approaches, such as the use of reanalysis based top down modelling versus in situ observations, along with variations in input data sources, spatial resolution, and the models and algorithms used to generate temperature estimates. Defining FUAs and cities The OECD, in cooperation with the EU, has developed a harmonised definition of functional urban areas (FUAs) to capture the economic and functional reach of cities based on daily commuting patterns (OECD, 2012). FUAs consist of: A city – defined by urban centres in the degree of urbanisation, adapted to the closest local administrative units to define a city. A commuting zone – including all local areas where at least 15% of employed residents work in the city. The delineation process includes: Assigning municipalities surrounded by a single FUA to that FUA. Excluding non-contiguous municipalities. The correspondence table between SAUs and FUAs/cities is available in parquet and csv format. The definition identifies 1 272 FUAs and 1 269 cities in all OECD member countries except Costa Rica and three accession countries. Cite this dataset OECD Regions, cities and local areas database (Heat stress - Cities and FUAs), http://oe.cd/geostats Further information OECD Local Data Portal OECD Regions and Cities at a Glance For questions and/or comments, please email CitiesStat@oecd.org