Population regions with projections, annual growth rate in Israel
Israel: Population regions with projections, annual growth rate was 0.4941 % change on previous year in 2100. ◆ Volatile
Latest (2100)
0.4941 % change on previous year
Change on year
down 1.5%
World rank
24th
of 239 countries
All-time high
5.17 % change on previous year
in 1991
All-time low
0 % change on previous year
in 1801
Years of data
300
1801–2100
Population regions with projections, annual growth rate in Israel, 1801–2100
Source: Statizoid (derived). Measured in % change on previous year.
Analysis
In 2100, population regions with projections, annual growth rate in Israel stood at 0.4941 % change on previous year.
The figure is down 1.5% on the previous year and down 21.5% over ten years.
Over the whole period, population regions with projections, annual growth rate in Israel peaked at 5.17 % change on previous year in 1991 and was at its lowest, 0 % change on previous year, in 1801.
That places Israel 24th out of 239 countries with data for 2100, putting it in the top 10%.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Population regions with projections, annual growth rate in Israel, year by year
| Year | % change on previous year | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1801 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1802 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1803 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1804 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1805 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1806 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1807 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1808 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1809 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1810 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1811 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1812 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1813 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1814 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1815 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1816 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1817 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1818 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1819 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1820 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1821 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1822 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1823 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1824 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1825 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1826 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1827 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1828 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1829 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1830 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1831 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1832 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1833 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1834 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1835 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1836 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1837 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1838 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1839 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1840 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1841 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1842 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1843 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1844 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1845 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1846 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1847 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1848 | 0 % change on previous year | — |
| 1849 | 0.1643 % change on previous year | — |
| 1850 | 0.3295 % change on previous year | +100.5% |
| 1851 | 0.4768 % change on previous year | +44.7% |
| 1852 | 0.6415 % change on previous year | +34.5% |
| 1853 | 0.8038 % change on previous year | +25.3% |
| 1854 | 0.8039 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1855 | 0.804 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1856 | 0.804 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1857 | 0.8039 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1858 | 0.8038 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1859 | 1 % change on previous year | +24.7% |
| 1860 | 1.2 % change on previous year | +19.7% |
| 1861 | 1.39 % change on previous year | +16.3% |
| 1862 | 1.59 % change on previous year | +13.9% |
| 1863 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +11.9% |
| 1864 | 1.78 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1865 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1866 | 1.78 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1867 | 1.78 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1868 | 1.78 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1869 | 1.48 % change on previous year | -16.7% |
| 1870 | 1.19 % change on previous year | -19.6% |
| 1871 | 0.9049 % change on previous year | -23.9% |
| 1872 | 0.623 % change on previous year | -31.1% |
| 1873 | 0.3409 % change on previous year | -45.3% |
| 1874 | 0.3412 % change on previous year | +0.1% |
| 1875 | 0.3407 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 1876 | 0.341 % change on previous year | +0.1% |
| 1877 | 0.341 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1878 | 0.3409 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1879 | 0.5155 % change on previous year | +51.2% |
| 1880 | 0.6906 % change on previous year | +34.0% |
| 1881 | 0.8645 % change on previous year | +25.2% |
| 1882 | 1.04 % change on previous year | +20.0% |
| 1883 | 1.21 % change on previous year | +16.4% |
| 1884 | 1.21 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1885 | 1.21 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1886 | 1.21 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1887 | 1.21 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1888 | 1.21 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1889 | 1.22 % change on previous year | +1.1% |
| 1890 | 1.23 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 1891 | 1.25 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 1892 | 1.26 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 1893 | 1.27 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 1894 | 1.27 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1895 | 1.27 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1896 | 1.27 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1897 | 1.27 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1898 | 1.27 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1899 | 1.29 % change on previous year | +1.6% |
| 1900 | 1.31 % change on previous year | +1.6% |
| 1901 | 1.33 % change on previous year | +1.5% |
| 1902 | 1.35 % change on previous year | +1.5% |
| 1903 | 1.37 % change on previous year | +1.5% |
| 1904 | 1.37 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1905 | 1.37 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1906 | 1.37 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1907 | 1.37 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1908 | 1.37 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1909 | 1.27 % change on previous year | -7.0% |
| 1910 | 1.18 % change on previous year | -7.3% |
| 1911 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -7.8% |
| 1912 | 0.9971 % change on previous year | -8.4% |
| 1913 | 0.9068 % change on previous year | -9.1% |
| 1914 | 0.9067 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1915 | 0.9067 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1916 | 0.9067 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1917 | 0.9066 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1918 | 0.925 % change on previous year | +2.0% |
| 1919 | 1.26 % change on previous year | +36.7% |
| 1920 | 1.6 % change on previous year | +26.9% |
| 1921 | 1.94 % change on previous year | +21.0% |
| 1922 | 2.27 % change on previous year | +17.0% |
| 1923 | 2.59 % change on previous year | +14.1% |
| 1924 | 2.59 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1925 | 2.59 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1926 | 2.59 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1927 | 2.59 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1928 | 2.59 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1929 | 2.93 % change on previous year | +13.2% |
| 1930 | 3.27 % change on previous year | +11.5% |
| 1931 | 3.6 % change on previous year | +10.0% |
| 1932 | 3.91 % change on previous year | +8.8% |
| 1933 | 4.22 % change on previous year | +7.7% |
| 1934 | 4.22 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1935 | 4.22 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1936 | 4.22 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1937 | 4.22 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1938 | 4.22 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1939 | 4.12 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1940 | 4.02 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1941 | 3.93 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1942 | 3.84 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1943 | 3.75 % change on previous year | -2.2% |
| 1944 | 3.75 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1945 | 3.75 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1946 | 3.75 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1947 | 3.75 % change on previous year | -0.0% |
| 1948 | 3.75 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 1949 | 4.07 % change on previous year | +8.5% |
| 1950 | 4.79 % change on previous year | +17.8% |
| 1951 | 4.85 % change on previous year | +1.3% |
| 1952 | 4.62 % change on previous year | -4.9% |
| 1953 | 4.39 % change on previous year | -4.9% |
| 1954 | 4.18 % change on previous year | -4.9% |
| 1955 | 4 % change on previous year | -4.4% |
| 1956 | 3.82 % change on previous year | -4.3% |
| 1957 | 3.61 % change on previous year | -5.7% |
| 1958 | 3.4 % change on previous year | -5.8% |
| 1959 | 3.22 % change on previous year | -5.2% |
| 1960 | 3.03 % change on previous year | -6.1% |
| 1961 | 3.43 % change on previous year | +13.4% |
| 1962 | 4.3 % change on previous year | +25.2% |
| 1963 | 4.61 % change on previous year | +7.3% |
| 1964 | 4.53 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1965 | 4.46 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1966 | 4.39 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 1967 | 4.31 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 1968 | 4.21 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1969 | 4.11 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 1970 | 4.02 % change on previous year | -2.2% |
| 1971 | 3.93 % change on previous year | -2.2% |
| 1972 | 3.43 % change on previous year | -12.7% |
| 1973 | 2.72 % change on previous year | -20.8% |
| 1974 | 2.43 % change on previous year | -10.4% |
| 1975 | 2.41 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1976 | 2.42 % change on previous year | +0.2% |
| 1977 | 2.39 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 1978 | 2.32 % change on previous year | -3.0% |
| 1979 | 2.26 % change on previous year | -2.6% |
| 1980 | 2.22 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 1981 | 2.16 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 1982 | 2.14 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1983 | 1.96 % change on previous year | -8.6% |
| 1984 | 1.87 % change on previous year | -4.3% |
| 1985 | 1.78 % change on previous year | -5.1% |
| 1986 | 1.55 % change on previous year | -12.7% |
| 1987 | 1.63 % change on previous year | +5.1% |
| 1988 | 1.66 % change on previous year | +2.1% |
| 1989 | 1.72 % change on previous year | +3.6% |
| 1990 | 3.73 % change on previous year | +116.6% |
| 1991 | 5.17 % change on previous year | +38.5% |
| 1992 | 3.71 % change on previous year | -28.2% |
| 1993 | 2.6 % change on previous year | -30.0% |
| 1994 | 2.57 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 1995 | 2.65 % change on previous year | +3.0% |
| 1996 | 2.7 % change on previous year | +2.2% |
| 1997 | 2.67 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 1998 | 2.54 % change on previous year | -4.8% |
| 1999 | 2.69 % change on previous year | +5.9% |
| 2000 | 2.78 % change on previous year | +3.1% |
| 2001 | 2.43 % change on previous year | -12.3% |
| 2002 | 2.04 % change on previous year | -16.2% |
| 2003 | 1.8 % change on previous year | -11.7% |
| 2004 | 1.73 % change on previous year | -4.2% |
| 2005 | 1.71 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 2006 | 1.72 % change on previous year | +0.7% |
| 2007 | 1.73 % change on previous year | +0.5% |
| 2008 | 1.73 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 2009 | 1.74 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 2010 | 1.81 % change on previous year | +4.0% |
| 2011 | 1.83 % change on previous year | +1.0% |
| 2012 | 1.83 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 2013 | 1.86 % change on previous year | +1.7% |
| 2014 | 1.91 % change on previous year | +2.5% |
| 2015 | 1.97 % change on previous year | +3.4% |
| 2016 | 1.95 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 2017 | 1.85 % change on previous year | -5.2% |
| 2018 | 1.77 % change on previous year | -4.1% |
| 2019 | 1.73 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 2020 | 1.65 % change on previous year | -4.7% |
| 2021 | 1.62 % change on previous year | -1.9% |
| 2022 | 1.79 % change on previous year | +10.6% |
| 2023 | 1.68 % change on previous year | -6.1% |
| 2024 | 1.41 % change on previous year | -16.1% |
| 2025 | 1.39 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 2026 | 1.37 % change on previous year | -1.1% |
| 2027 | 1.36 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 2028 | 1.35 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 2029 | 1.33 % change on previous year | -1.4% |
| 2030 | 1.33 % change on previous year | +0.1% |
| 2031 | 1.35 % change on previous year | +1.1% |
| 2032 | 1.32 % change on previous year | -1.8% |
| 2033 | 1.29 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 2034 | 1.28 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 2035 | 1.29 % change on previous year | +0.8% |
| 2036 | 1.28 % change on previous year | -0.9% |
| 2037 | 1.28 % change on previous year | +0.2% |
| 2038 | 1.31 % change on previous year | +1.8% |
| 2039 | 1.31 % change on previous year | +0.4% |
| 2040 | 1.3 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 2041 | 1.29 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 2042 | 1.29 % change on previous year | +0.6% |
| 2043 | 1.29 % change on previous year | -0.4% |
| 2044 | 1.28 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 2045 | 1.25 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 2046 | 1.22 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 2047 | 1.2 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 2048 | 1.17 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 2049 | 1.17 % change on previous year | +0.2% |
| 2050 | 1.18 % change on previous year | +0.3% |
| 2051 | 1.16 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 2052 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -1.3% |
| 2053 | 1.14 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 2054 | 1.14 % change on previous year | +0.6% |
| 2055 | 1.13 % change on previous year | -1.0% |
| 2056 | 1.09 % change on previous year | -3.8% |
| 2057 | 1.06 % change on previous year | -2.9% |
| 2058 | 1.04 % change on previous year | -2.0% |
| 2059 | 1.01 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 2060 | 1.01 % change on previous year | +0.0% |
| 2061 | 0.9942 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 2062 | 0.9552 % change on previous year | -3.9% |
| 2063 | 0.9576 % change on previous year | +0.2% |
| 2064 | 0.9339 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 2065 | 0.9107 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 2066 | 0.9038 % change on previous year | -0.8% |
| 2067 | 0.8912 % change on previous year | -1.4% |
| 2068 | 0.8904 % change on previous year | -0.1% |
| 2069 | 0.8946 % change on previous year | +0.5% |
| 2070 | 0.8987 % change on previous year | +0.5% |
| 2071 | 0.8763 % change on previous year | -2.5% |
| 2072 | 0.8179 % change on previous year | -6.7% |
| 2073 | 0.7897 % change on previous year | -3.4% |
| 2074 | 0.8091 % change on previous year | +2.5% |
| 2075 | 0.8202 % change on previous year | +1.4% |
| 2076 | 0.8183 % change on previous year | -0.2% |
| 2077 | 0.8349 % change on previous year | +2.0% |
| 2078 | 0.8504 % change on previous year | +1.9% |
| 2079 | 0.8304 % change on previous year | -2.4% |
| 2080 | 0.8282 % change on previous year | -0.3% |
| 2081 | 0.8093 % change on previous year | -2.3% |
| 2082 | 0.7691 % change on previous year | -5.0% |
| 2083 | 0.757 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 2084 | 0.7659 % change on previous year | +1.2% |
| 2085 | 0.754 % change on previous year | -1.6% |
| 2086 | 0.7267 % change on previous year | -3.6% |
| 2087 | 0.6978 % change on previous year | -4.0% |
| 2088 | 0.6662 % change on previous year | -4.5% |
| 2089 | 0.6331 % change on previous year | -5.0% |
| 2090 | 0.6296 % change on previous year | -0.5% |
| 2091 | 0.6434 % change on previous year | +2.2% |
| 2092 | 0.6355 % change on previous year | -1.2% |
| 2093 | 0.6257 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
| 2094 | 0.5976 % change on previous year | -4.5% |
| 2095 | 0.5632 % change on previous year | -5.8% |
| 2096 | 0.5518 % change on previous year | -2.0% |
| 2097 | 0.5271 % change on previous year | -4.5% |
| 2098 | 0.4976 % change on previous year | -5.6% |
| 2099 | 0.5017 % change on previous year | +0.8% |
| 2100 | 0.4941 % change on previous year | -1.5% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1800s | 0 % change on previous year | 0 % change on previous year | 0 % change on previous year | 9 |
| 1810s | 0 % change on previous year | 0 % change on previous year | 0 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1820s | 0 % change on previous year | 0 % change on previous year | 0 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1830s | 0 % change on previous year | 0 % change on previous year | 0 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1840s | 0.0164 % change on previous year | 0 % change on previous year | 0.1643 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1850s | 0.7273 % change on previous year | 0.3295 % change on previous year | 1 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1860s | 1.63 % change on previous year | 1.2 % change on previous year | 1.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1870s | 0.5279 % change on previous year | 0.3407 % change on previous year | 1.19 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1880s | 1.11 % change on previous year | 0.6906 % change on previous year | 1.22 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1890s | 1.26 % change on previous year | 1.23 % change on previous year | 1.29 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1900s | 1.35 % change on previous year | 1.27 % change on previous year | 1.37 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1910s | 0.999 % change on previous year | 0.9066 % change on previous year | 1.26 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1920s | 2.43 % change on previous year | 1.6 % change on previous year | 2.93 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1930s | 4.02 % change on previous year | 3.27 % change on previous year | 4.22 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1940s | 3.84 % change on previous year | 3.75 % change on previous year | 4.07 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1950s | 4.09 % change on previous year | 3.22 % change on previous year | 4.85 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1960s | 4.14 % change on previous year | 3.03 % change on previous year | 4.61 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1970s | 2.83 % change on previous year | 2.26 % change on previous year | 4.02 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.87 % change on previous year | 1.55 % change on previous year | 2.22 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 1990s | 3.1 % change on previous year | 2.54 % change on previous year | 5.17 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.94 % change on previous year | 1.71 % change on previous year | 2.78 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.85 % change on previous year | 1.73 % change on previous year | 1.97 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.5 % change on previous year | 1.33 % change on previous year | 1.79 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2030s | 1.3 % change on previous year | 1.28 % change on previous year | 1.35 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2040s | 1.25 % change on previous year | 1.17 % change on previous year | 1.3 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2050s | 1.11 % change on previous year | 1.01 % change on previous year | 1.18 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2060s | 0.9342 % change on previous year | 0.8904 % change on previous year | 1.01 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2070s | 0.8346 % change on previous year | 0.7897 % change on previous year | 0.8987 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2080s | 0.7407 % change on previous year | 0.6331 % change on previous year | 0.8282 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2090s | 0.5773 % change on previous year | 0.4976 % change on previous year | 0.6434 % change on previous year | 10 |
| 2100s | 0.4941 % change on previous year | 0.4941 % change on previous year | 0.4941 % change on previous year | 1 |
Countries ranked near Israel
- 21 Zambia 0.5254 % change on previous year compare
- 22 Vanuatu 0.5164 % change on previous year compare
- 23 Australia 0.5057 % change on previous year compare
- 25 Ethiopia 0.4782 % change on previous year compare
- 26 Somalia 0.4652 % change on previous year compare
- 27 Afghanistan 0.4637 % change on previous year compare
More population data for Israel
- Urban and rural population 2050, annual growth rate -7.23 % change on previous year (2050)
- Population long run with projections, annual growth rate 0.4941 % change on previous year (2100)
- Un population 2024 vs 2022, annual growth rate 0.3735 % change on previous year (2100)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 05 - Demographic estimates 12,992 Persons (2050)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 03 - Annual population 1.38 Percent per annum (2030)
- Projected population under age 5, annual growth rate 0.0847 % change on previous year (2100)
- Population growth rate 0.477 (2100)
- Population density 912.52 (2100)
- Projected population under age 5 1.14 million (2100)
- Population growth rate by level of development 0.477 (2100)
Frequently asked questions
- What is population regions with projections, annual growth rate in Israel?
- Population regions with projections, annual growth rate in Israel was 0.4941 % change on previous year in 2100, according to Statizoid (derived).
- What is the highest population regions with projections, annual growth rate recorded in Israel?
- The highest recorded value was 5.17 % change on previous year in 1991.
- What is the lowest population regions with projections, annual growth rate recorded in Israel?
- The lowest recorded value was 0 % change on previous year in 1801.
- How does Israel rank for population regions with projections, annual growth rate?
- Israel ranks 24th out of 239 countries with data for 2100.
- Is population regions with projections, annual growth rate rising or falling in Israel?
- Over the last ten years it is down 21.5%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Israel data come from?
- The figures come from Statizoid (derived), published as part of Population regions with projections, annual growth rate. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 300 observations, free to reuse under Derived by Statizoid from the sources named on the page.
How this figure is calculated
The year-on-year percentage change in Population regions with projections. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.
Computed from
- Population regions with projections Our World in Data
Statizoid computes this series; the underlying measurements belong to the publishers named above. The arithmetic is applied to every country and year where both inputs report, and nothing is estimated unless the page says so.
About this data
The year-on-year percentage change in Population regions with projections. Computed from consecutive annual observations; years either side of a gap are skipped rather than bridged.