Comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children in Spain
Spain: Comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children was 1.21 live births per woman in 2023. ▼ Falling
Latest (2023)
1.21 live births per woman
Change on year
up 0.7%
World rank
214th
of 236 countries
All-time high
4.1 live births per woman
in 1922
All-time low
1.13 live births per woman
in 1998
Years of data
102
1922–2023
Comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children in Spain, 1922–2023
Source: Human Fertility Database (2025); UN, World Population Prospects (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data. Measured in live births per woman.
Analysis
Spain recorded 1.21 live births per woman for comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children in 2023.
The figure is up 0.7% on the previous year and down 5.0% over ten years.
Over the whole period, comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children in Spain peaked at 4.1 live births per woman in 1922 and was at its lowest, 1.13 live births per woman, in 1998.
That places Spain 214th out of 236 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the bottom quarter.
The long-run direction has been consistently falling across the 102 years of available data.
Comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children in Spain, year by year
| Year | live births per woman | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1922 | 4.1 live births per woman | — |
| 1923 | 4.1 live births per woman | -0.0% |
| 1924 | 4 live births per woman | -2.2% |
| 1925 | 3.88 live births per woman | -3.0% |
| 1926 | 3.93 live births per woman | +1.2% |
| 1927 | 3.73 live births per woman | -5.1% |
| 1928 | 3.84 live births per woman | +3.0% |
| 1929 | 3.72 live births per woman | -3.3% |
| 1930 | 3.69 live births per woman | -0.6% |
| 1931 | 3.56 live births per woman | -3.5% |
| 1932 | 3.63 live births per woman | +1.7% |
| 1933 | 3.57 live births per woman | -1.5% |
| 1934 | 3.36 live births per woman | -5.8% |
| 1935 | 3.29 live births per woman | -2.3% |
| 1936 | 3.14 live births per woman | -4.4% |
| 1937 | 2.86 live births per woman | -9.0% |
| 1938 | 2.55 live births per woman | -10.8% |
| 1939 | 2.12 live births per woman | -16.9% |
| 1940 | 3.07 live births per woman | +44.8% |
| 1941 | 2.46 live births per woman | -20.0% |
| 1942 | 2.52 live births per woman | +2.7% |
| 1943 | 2.86 live births per woman | +13.5% |
| 1944 | 2.82 live births per woman | -1.4% |
| 1945 | 2.89 live births per woman | +2.4% |
| 1946 | 2.69 live births per woman | -7.0% |
| 1947 | 2.66 live births per woman | -0.9% |
| 1948 | 2.88 live births per woman | +8.0% |
| 1949 | 2.67 live births per woman | -7.3% |
| 1950 | 2.47 live births per woman | -7.3% |
| 1951 | 2.46 live births per woman | -0.5% |
| 1952 | 2.54 live births per woman | +3.3% |
| 1953 | 2.5 live births per woman | -1.5% |
| 1954 | 2.44 live births per woman | -2.5% |
| 1955 | 2.51 live births per woman | +2.8% |
| 1956 | 2.54 live births per woman | +1.3% |
| 1957 | 2.69 live births per woman | +5.8% |
| 1958 | 2.73 live births per woman | +1.5% |
| 1959 | 2.75 live births per woman | +1.0% |
| 1960 | 2.81 live births per woman | +2.0% |
| 1961 | 2.78 live births per woman | -1.1% |
| 1962 | 2.8 live births per woman | +0.9% |
| 1963 | 2.88 live births per woman | +2.6% |
| 1964 | 3 live births per woman | +4.2% |
| 1965 | 2.93 live births per woman | -2.4% |
| 1966 | 2.91 live births per woman | -0.4% |
| 1967 | 2.97 live births per woman | +2.0% |
| 1968 | 2.92 live births per woman | -1.6% |
| 1969 | 2.9 live births per woman | -0.8% |
| 1970 | 2.88 live births per woman | -0.6% |
| 1971 | 2.9 live births per woman | +0.5% |
| 1972 | 2.87 live births per woman | -1.0% |
| 1973 | 2.84 live births per woman | -1.0% |
| 1974 | 2.87 live births per woman | +1.1% |
| 1975 | 2.77 live births per woman | -3.4% |
| 1976 | 2.76 live births per woman | -0.3% |
| 1977 | 2.65 live births per woman | -4.0% |
| 1978 | 2.54 live births per woman | -4.3% |
| 1979 | 2.37 live births per woman | -6.7% |
| 1980 | 2.21 live births per woman | -6.6% |
| 1981 | 2.04 live births per woman | -7.8% |
| 1982 | 1.94 live births per woman | -5.1% |
| 1983 | 1.8 live births per woman | -7.1% |
| 1984 | 1.72 live births per woman | -4.3% |
| 1985 | 1.64 live births per woman | -4.9% |
| 1986 | 1.55 live births per woman | -5.1% |
| 1987 | 1.49 live births per woman | -4.0% |
| 1988 | 1.44 live births per woman | -3.2% |
| 1989 | 1.4 live births per woman | -3.3% |
| 1990 | 1.36 live births per woman | -2.7% |
| 1991 | 1.32 live births per woman | -2.4% |
| 1992 | 1.31 live births per woman | -1.4% |
| 1993 | 1.25 live births per woman | -4.1% |
| 1994 | 1.19 live births per woman | -5.0% |
| 1995 | 1.15 live births per woman | -3.1% |
| 1996 | 1.14 live births per woman | -1.2% |
| 1997 | 1.15 live births per woman | +0.5% |
| 1998 | 1.13 live births per woman | -1.2% |
| 1999 | 1.17 live births per woman | +3.0% |
| 2000 | 1.21 live births per woman | +3.9% |
| 2001 | 1.23 live births per woman | +1.7% |
| 2002 | 1.25 live births per woman | +1.6% |
| 2003 | 1.29 live births per woman | +3.4% |
| 2004 | 1.31 live births per woman | +1.5% |
| 2005 | 1.33 live births per woman | +1.2% |
| 2006 | 1.36 live births per woman | +2.3% |
| 2007 | 1.38 live births per woman | +1.4% |
| 2008 | 1.44 live births per woman | +4.1% |
| 2009 | 1.38 live births per woman | -3.8% |
| 2010 | 1.37 live births per woman | -1.1% |
| 2011 | 1.34 live births per woman | -1.9% |
| 2012 | 1.32 live births per woman | -1.6% |
| 2013 | 1.28 live births per woman | -3.1% |
| 2014 | 1.31 live births per woman | +3.0% |
| 2015 | 1.33 live births per woman | +1.1% |
| 2016 | 1.33 live births per woman | +0.2% |
| 2017 | 1.3 live births per woman | -2.0% |
| 2018 | 1.26 live births per woman | -3.4% |
| 2019 | 1.23 live births per woman | -2.4% |
| 2020 | 1.19 live births per woman | -3.6% |
| 2021 | 1.19 live births per woman | +0.2% |
| 2022 | 1.21 live births per woman | +1.4% |
| 2023 | 1.21 live births per woman | +0.7% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 1.21 live births per woman is below the median for high income countries, which is 1.5 live births per woman, 81% of the median. (85 countries reporting)
- Spain's 1.21 live births per woman is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 1.49 live births per woman, 81% of the median. (56 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children in Spain changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1940 | +44.8% | 2.12 live births per woman | 3.07 live births per woman |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1920s | 3.91 live births per woman | 3.72 live births per woman | 4.1 live births per woman | 8 |
| 1930s | 3.18 live births per woman | 2.12 live births per woman | 3.69 live births per woman | 10 |
| 1940s | 2.75 live births per woman | 2.46 live births per woman | 3.07 live births per woman | 10 |
| 1950s | 2.56 live births per woman | 2.44 live births per woman | 2.75 live births per woman | 10 |
| 1960s | 2.89 live births per woman | 2.78 live births per woman | 3 live births per woman | 10 |
| 1970s | 2.75 live births per woman | 2.37 live births per woman | 2.9 live births per woman | 10 |
| 1980s | 1.72 live births per woman | 1.4 live births per woman | 2.21 live births per woman | 10 |
| 1990s | 1.22 live births per woman | 1.13 live births per woman | 1.36 live births per woman | 10 |
| 2000s | 1.32 live births per woman | 1.21 live births per woman | 1.44 live births per woman | 10 |
| 2010s | 1.31 live births per woman | 1.23 live births per woman | 1.37 live births per woman | 10 |
| 2020s | 1.2 live births per woman | 1.19 live births per woman | 1.21 live births per woman | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
- 211 Finland 1.28 live births per woman compare
- 212 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1.27 live births per woman compare
- 213 Mauritius 1.24 live births per woman compare
- 215 Thailand 1.21 live births per woman compare
- 216 Belarus 1.21 live births per woman compare
- 216 Japan 1.21 live births per woman compare
More population data for Spain
- Population regions with projections, annual growth rate -0.527 % change on previous year (2100)
- Urban and rural population 2050, annual growth rate -4.98 % change on previous year (2050)
- Population long run with projections, annual growth rate -0.527 % change on previous year (2100)
- Un population 2024 vs 2022, annual growth rate -0.6358 % change on previous year (2100)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 05 - Demographic estimates 44,220 Persons (2050)
- Africa's Development Dynamics (AfDD) Table 03 - Annual population -0.1636 Percent per annum (2030)
- Projected population under age 5, annual growth rate -0.2658 % change on previous year (2100)
- World population growth -0.5% (2100)
- Population density 66.29 people per km² (2100)
- Number of children under 5, by world region 1.24 million people (2100)
Frequently asked questions
- What is comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children in Spain?
- Comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children in Spain was 1.21 live births per woman in 2023, according to Human Fertility Database (2025); UN, World Population Prospects (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data.
- What is the highest comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 4.1 live births per woman in 1922.
- What is the lowest comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 1.13 live births per woman in 1998.
- How does Spain rank for comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children?
- Spain ranks 214th out of 236 countries with data for 2023.
- Is comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 5.0%. The long-run trend across the full record is falling.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from Human Fertility Database (2025); UN, World Population Prospects (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data, published as part of Comparison of fertility rates that account for survival of children. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Average number of live births a hypothetical cohort of women would have at the end of their reproductive period if they were subject during their whole lives to the fertility rates of a given period and if they were not subject to mortality.