Population on 1 January by sex, citizenship and group of country of birth by country
Countries reporting
40
Highest
83.58 million
Germany
Lowest
40,886
Liechtenstein
Median
5.62 million
Years covered
17
2009–2025
Data points
521
What the numbers show
Population on 1 January by sex, citizenship and group of country of birth is currently reported for 40 countries. The highest value is 83.58 million in Germany; the lowest is 40,886 in Liechtenstein.
The median across all reporting countries is 5.62 million, and the mean is 13.50 million.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 2,044.
Over the past decade 22 countries rose and 15 fell. The largest increase was in Malta (up 30.9%), and the largest decrease in Moldova (down 16.1%).
Population on 1 January by sex, citizenship and group of country: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany | 83.58 million | 2025 | — | flat |
| 2 | France | 68.88 million | 2025 | up 2.4% | flat |
| 3 | Italy | 58.94 million | 2025 | down 2.2% | flat |
| 4 | Spain | 49.13 million | 2025 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 5 | Poland | 36.50 million | 2025 | down 4.1% | flat |
| 5 | Poland | 36.50 million | 2025 | down 4.1% | flat |
| 7 | Romania | 19.04 million | 2025 | — | flat |
| 8 | Netherlands | 18.04 million | 2025 | up 7.2% | rising |
| 8 | Netherlands | 18.04 million | 2025 | up 7.2% | rising |
| 10 | Belgium | 11.88 million | 2025 | up 5.8% | rising |
| 11 | Czechia | 10.91 million | 2025 | — | flat |
| 12 | Portugal | 10.75 million | 2025 | up 3.4% | flat |
| 13 | Sweden | 10.59 million | 2025 | up 8.6% | rising |
| 14 | Greece | 10.37 million | 2025 | down 4.1% | falling |
| 15 | Hungary | 9.54 million | 2025 | down 2.8% | flat |
| 16 | Austria | 9.20 million | 2025 | up 8.8% | rising |
| 17 | Switzerland | 9.05 million | 2025 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 18 | Bulgaria | 6.44 million | 2025 | down 8.4% | falling |
| 19 | Denmark | 5.99 million | 2025 | up 5.9% | rising |
| 20 | Finland | 5.64 million | 2025 | up 3.0% | flat |
| 21 | Norway | 5.59 million | 2025 | up 8.3% | rising |
| 22 | Ireland | 5.44 million | 2025 | up 18.5% | rising |
| 23 | Slovakia | 5.42 million | 2025 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 23 | Slovakia | 5.42 million | 2025 | down 0.0% | flat |
| 25 | Croatia | 3.87 million | 2025 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 25 | Croatia | 3.87 million | 2025 | down 7.3% | falling |
| 27 | Lithuania | 2.89 million | 2025 | down 1.2% | flat |
| 27 | Lithuania | 2.89 million | 2025 | down 1.2% | flat |
| 29 | Moldova | 2.39 million | 2025 | down 16.1% | falling |
| 30 | Slovenia | 2.13 million | 2025 | up 3.3% | flat |
| 30 | Slovenia | 2.13 million | 2025 | up 3.3% | flat |
| 32 | Latvia | 1.86 million | 2025 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 32 | Latvia | 1.86 million | 2025 | down 6.3% | falling |
| 34 | Estonia | 1.37 million | 2025 | up 4.3% | flat |
| 34 | Estonia | 1.37 million | 2025 | up 4.3% | flat |
| 36 | Cyprus | 982,966 | 2025 | up 14.2% | rising |
| 37 | Luxembourg | 681,973 | 2025 | up 15.5% | rising |
| 38 | Malta | 574,250 | 2025 | up 30.9% | rising |
| 39 | Iceland | 389,444 | 2025 | up 17.1% | rising |
| 40 | Liechtenstein | 40,886 | 2025 | up 10.1% | rising |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) 450.65 million